河北单招英语八大时态讲解

河北单招考试二类、考试四类、考试六类、考试十类的专业基础科目均是英语，满分100分。考试九类职业适应性测试中亦有英语素养的考察。而语法是英语学习的一项重点和难点，其中，时态无疑是英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态相当于拿下了语法的半壁江山。现在主要帮大家总结了八种时态，是河北单招英语科目中常考的内容，同学们在单招备考复习时，一定要学透哦!

1.一般现在时

表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。

(1)含有be动词的句子

★一般肯定句

He is a teacher.

The girl is very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are students.

★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

Is he a teacher?

Is the girl very beautiful?

Are Tim and Jack students?

★变否定句在be动词后面加not

He is not a teacher.

The girl is not very beautiful.

Tim and Jack are not students.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

Yes, she is. No, she is not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

(2)不含有be动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子

A、第三人称单数及单数名词

★一般肯定句

He likes books.

She likes him.

The dog likes bones.

★变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型

Does he like books?

Does she like him?

Does the dog like bones?

★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。

He doesn’t like books.

She doesn’t like him.

The dog doesn’t like bones.

★肯定回答及否定回答：

Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.

Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t

Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。

B、其他人称及复数名词

★一般肯定句

I want to have a bath.

We have some meat.

The students like smart teachers.

★变疑问句在句首加do

Do you want to have a bath?

Do we have any meat?

Do the students like smart teachers?

★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.

You don’t want to have a bath.

We don’t have any meat.

The students don’t like smart teachers.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Yes, we do. No, we don’t.

Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

2.一般过去时

一. 概念：一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

二.时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, long long ago, a minute ago, last year(week, month), once upon a time, just now, in those days.

三.过去时的用法：

1.有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。

例：We had a good time last week.

2.表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去式。

例：The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed.

3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，要用过去式。

例：She often came to help me at that time.

表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。 eg: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的区别，used to表过去常常，be used to 表示习惯于，前者to是不定式符号，后者则是介词，后接名词、动名词、代词)

四.一般过去式的构成形式：

Be动词的过去式

肯定句：主语+动词的过去式

例：He played football last week.

否定句：主语+ did not +动词原形

例：He did not play football last week.

一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形

例：Did he play football last week?

Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t.

五.动词变过去式的几种常用规则：

1.一般动词直接+ ed;

例：look--looked want--wanted listen --listened

2.以e结尾的词直接+ d;

例：live--lived phone--phoned

3.以辅音字母加y结尾, 变y为i加ed;

例：try--tried study--studied

4.重读闭音节结尾的，词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ ed;

例：stop--stopped plan--planned

3.一般将来时

表示将来将要发生的动作，经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示将来的词联用

结构：主语+助动词will+动词原形

★一般肯定句

I will go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Will you go to America tomorrow?

Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?

Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?

★变否定句在助动词后面加not

I will not go to America tomorrow.

The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.

Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I will. No, I will not.

Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.

Yes, he will. No, he will not.

★特殊疑问句：

What will you do?

一、shall/will+动词原形

1. will可用于所有人称，但shall 仅表示单纯将来时，用于第一人称I和we，作为will的一种替代形式。以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall. 例如：

  He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来。

  I shall/will be free on Sunday. 星期天我有空。

  You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。

2. will，shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事，或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如：

  It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。

3. will，shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外，还可以带有意愿的色彩，仍指的是将来。例如：

  I'll buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时，我给你买一辆自行车。(表示允诺)

  Will you open the door for me please?请你帮我开门好吗?(表示请求)

  Shall I get your coat for you?

我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议)

二、be going to+动词原形

1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象，判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人，也可是物。例如：

  There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)

  I feel terrible.I think I'm going to die. 我感到难受极了，我想我快不行了。

  Look at those black clouds!It's going to rain. 看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了。

2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定，即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如：

  He isn't going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。

  Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。

3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事，此时可与will互换。例如：

  I think it is going to/will rain this evening. 我认为今晚要下雨。

  注意：

  (1)be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如：

  He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力学习，准备参加考试。(不能用will替换)

  —Can somebody help me? ——谁能帮我一下吗?

  —I will. ——我来。(不能用be going to替换)

  (2)在if之后，通常不用will表示预言，但可以用be going to表示意图。例如：

  If you are going to go to the cinema this evening，you'd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看电影，最好带着外套。

  be going to也常可以用于主句之中。例如：

  If you invite Jack，there's going to be trouble. 如果你邀请杰克，那就要惹麻烦了。

  如果表示将来的意愿，will可用于条件从句。此时will为情态动词。例如：

  If you will learn to play football，I'll help you. 如果你想学踢足球，我可以帮你。

4.现在进行时

现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作，由“be动词 + 动词的现在分词”构成。

现在进行时的肯定句:

句型

(1)第一人称：主语 + am + 现在分词

I am watching TV. 我现在看电视。

(2)第三人称单数：主语 + is + 现在分词

She is washing clothes. 她正在洗衣服。

(3)第二人称及复数人称：主语 + are + 现在分词

They are playing games. 他们正在做游戏。

现在进行时的否定句

句型: 主语 + 相应be动词 + not + 现在分词

He isn't watching TV. 他没在看电视。

I am not cooking. 我没有在做饭。

We aren't having English calss. 我们没在上英语课。

◆注意◆ is not和are not可缩写为isn't和aren't。

现在进行时的一般疑问句

句型: 相应be动词 + 主语 + 现在分词 + ……?

Are you dancing? 他们正在跳舞吗?

Is he drawing a picture? 他正在画一张画吗?

Are you talking with your friend? 你正和你的朋友谈话吗?

现在进行一般疑问句的答语:

句型:

(1)肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + 相应be动词。

(2)否定回答：No, 主语 + 相应be动词 + not。

Are you listening to the music? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. 你正在听音乐吗?是的，我正在听。/ 不，我没在听。

要特别注意有些动词没有进行时态.

1、表示状态、思想、感情和感觉的动词，如：see, hear, love, know, want, hope, think等，没有进行时态。

2、当have/has作为“拥有”时，没有进行时态，但表示“开会，吃饭，玩得高兴”等意思时，可以用进行时表达。

I am having many books. (这是错误的句子)

I am having a good time. (这才是正确的句子)

现在分词的构成：

现在分词是由动词+ing构成的，其方法如下：

(1)一般情况下直接加ing. 如：reading, watching, cleaning.

(2)以不发音的e结尾的词，去掉e再加ing. 如： take---taking, make---making

(3)重读闭音节的情况，先双写一个辅音字母然后加ing. 如：put---putting.

5.过去进行时

过去进行时：表示在过去的某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文提示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。结构：was/were+动词ing 形式。

1.肯定句：主语+was/were+动词+ing .

She was repairing his bike at 10:00 yesterday morning.

2.否定句：主语+ wasn’t/weren’t +动词+ing .

They weren’t listening to the music when I went into the room.

3.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词+ing ?

Were they knocking at the door at this moment yesterday?

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+主语+动词+ing?

What was he doing when the teacher came in?

3)当有这些时间状语时，常用过去进行时。如：标志词：

(at) this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday, when I saw him, while I was watching TV, from seven to nine, (at) this time yesterday.

What were you doing this time yesterday?

He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.

表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。

结构：was/were+doing

When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.

While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.

6.将来进行时

将来进行时的构成：

1)will +be+doing

2)will+not+be+doing

3)Will+sb+be+doing

1. We will be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa.

2. We will be traveling by camel, with local guides.

3. We will be walking every day for almost two weeks.

4. After that, we will be moving on to Tanzania.

5. He is busy reviewing the lessons, so he will not be attending the New Year’s party tonight.

6. Will you be working out at the gym at this time tomorrow?

将来进行时用法之一：

表示在将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作

1. Will you be working out at the gym at this time tomorrow?

2. I must practice playing violin more because I will be putting on a performance in the assembly hall at 7 o’clock tonight.

3. We’ll be walking every day for almost two weeks.

4. Toby will be climbing in the Himalayas all next week.

将来进行时用法之二：

表示根据计划或安排在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。此时一般是有具体的时间状语

1. We’ll be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa on Friday evening.

2. China will be holding the Olympic Games on 8th August 2008.

3. You will be attending the College Entrance Examination from July 7th to 10th in 2010.

4. According to the schedule, Toby will be travelling in the Sahara Desert on 30th June.

将来进行时用法之三：

表示将来某一时刻自然发生的事，而不是人为安排要做的事。

1. I guess it will be raining heavily when you arrive in Beijing.

2. The weather report says that a terrible typhoon will be striking Fujian province in two days.

3. The weather man says that it will be snowing when you return from work at six o’clock.

4. The advanced science and technology will be helping us explore the outer space.

将来进行时用法之四：

表示有礼貌地询问对方的打算，语气比较委婉。

1. When will we be meeting again?

2. When will you be taking adventure to Africa, Toby?

3. Will you be moving on to Tanzania?

4. Will you be traveling on camels with local guides?

7.现在完成时

构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词

A、用法：

(1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用

I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)

He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)

They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)

The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了)

(2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：

Have you finished your homework?

Have you been to Beijing?

Have he seen the film?

(3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.

I have worked for this school for 1 year.

(4)表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情

I have never had a bath.

I have never seen a film.

I have never been to cinema.

I have ever been to Paris.

Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了

I have been to London.(人已经回来)

He has gone to London.(人还在那里)

(5)表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用

I have lost my pen.

I have hurt myself.

He has become a teacher.

She has broken my heart.

B、句型变化：

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.

e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I have. No, I have not.

★特殊疑问句：

What have you done?

What has he done?

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用

错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.

现在完成时具体用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。

用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just(刚刚)，already(已经)，never(从来没有)，ever(曾经)，before(以前)，yet(仍然)，once(一次)，twice(两次)，many times(很多次)，how many times(多少次)，so far(迄今为止)，during the past(last)three years(最近三年来)等连用。

※ 副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have/has后。He has just come.

②never表示否定，放在have/has后。He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中，句型为：Have/Has+主语+ever +过去分词?“…曾经……过吗?”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm?

④before用于句末。The woman has never heard of that before.

⑤yet 用于句末或not 之后。Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

⑥already用于肯定句, have / has 之后或句末。We have already finished it.

⑦so far用于句首或句末。So far, we have visited the moon.

用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

①for+表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。

②since+表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.

③since+表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.

④since+一段时间+ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

用法三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语(for，since，how long, all one’s life)连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

用法四、延续性动词的现在完成时可和包括“现在”在内的(到说话时仍未结束)表示一段时间的状语连用。如this morning，today，this week，these days

He has been to Beijing three times this year. He has written two letters this morning.(说话时间在上午)He wrote two letters this morning.(说话时间在下午或晚上)

用法五、英语中还有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续，只是一瞬间

就结束的动作，这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和表示一段时间的状语(how long，for，since)连用。He has come back.(√)He has come back for two hours.(×)

※ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如

I haven’t heard from my father for a long time. We haven’t seen him since 1999.

用法六、当终止性动词(非延续性动词)与表示一段时间的状语(how long，since，for， all one’s life)相矛盾时，改正错句的方法有如下几种：

(1)用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时。

He has come back for two weeks.(错)改为：He came back two weeks ago.(正)

I have lost my bike for ten days. (错)改为：I lost my bike ten days ago. (正)

(2)用“It is / has been+时间+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has joined the League for 3 years. (错)It is 3 years since he joined the League.

I have bought the book for 5 days. (错)It is 5 days since I bought the book. (正)

He has died for 20 years. (错)It is 20 years since he died. (正)

(3)用“时间+has passed+since+一般过去时态”句型来改写。

He has left home for 20 years. 改为：Twenty years has passed since he left home.

He has lost his pen for 2 days. 改为：Two days has passed since he lost his pen.

(4)用系表结构来改写.

He has died for 20 years. 改为：He has been dead for 20 years.

The factory has opened since 1999. 改为：The factory has been open since 1999.

How long has he left? 改为：How long has he been away?

(5)用相应的延续性动词替代非延续性动词。

He has bought the book for two weeks. 改为：He has had the book for two weeks.

8.过去完成时：

用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。

结构：had+过去分词

★一般肯定句

After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.

They had sold the car before I asked the price.

The train had left before I arrived at the station.

After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首

Had she finished her homework?

★变否定句在助动词后面加not

She hadn’t finished her homework.

★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.

★特殊疑问句：

What had she done?

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。

过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前做了，一直延续到现在的动作。(延续性)

它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。

  基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)

  ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他

  ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

  ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他

  肯定回答：Yes,主语+had

  否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

  ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)

基本用法：

  (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。

  例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

  到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

  (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

  例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

  当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

  He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

  他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

  (3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。

  例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

  史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

  I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

  我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

  (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

  例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.

  我已归还了我借的书。

  She found the key that she had lost.

  她丢失的钥匙找到了。

  (5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

  例如：He said that he had known her well.

  他说他很熟悉她。

  I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

  我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

  (6)状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。

  如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

  例如：When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

  我醒来时雨已停了。

  She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.

  她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

  注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

  例如：After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

  马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

  (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。

  例如：They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

  他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

  We had hoped to be able to come and see you.

  我们本来希望能来看看你。

  (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)

  time (that)…等固定句型中。

  例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

  他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

  No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.

  他刚到就又走了。

  It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

  这是他那一年第三次失业了。

  时间状语

  before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than